Recent experiments in both humans and mice suggest that working memory training improves general cognitive ability. While the prospect of enhancing human and animal intelligence is enticing, several questions remain.
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Background And Aims: Intestinal parasitic infection is a common disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including Ethiopia. The burden of intestinal parasites is worse in schoolchildren, which leads to absenteeism from school, lower cognitive ability, affects academic performance, and causes malnutrition and anemia. While many studies have been reported, there is a paucity of published data in Debre Markos.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMental Practice, Visualization, and Mental Imagery in Surgery: a Systematic Review.
Am Surg
January 2025
Yoshihiro Katsurra's Surgical Fitness Research Pod.
Physicians face constant pressures to learn and adapt to new knowledge, techniques, and technology. Mental practice-the process of rehearsing a task without the physical action of performing it-is a cognitive tool that is used by many professions to hone abilities and prepare for difficult undertakings. Mental practice can help optimize physician performance but there is minimal research on its application in practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhonological Feature Abstraction Before 6 Months: Amodal Recognition of Place of Articulation Across Multiple Consonants.
Dev Sci
March 2025
MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour, and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
The classical view is that perceptual attunement to the native language, which emerges by 6-10 months, developmentally precedes phonological feature abstraction abilities. That assumption is challenged by findings from adults adopted into a new language environment at 3-5 months that imply they had already formed phonological feature abstractions about their birth language prior to 6 months. As phonological feature abstraction had not been directly tested in infants, we examined 4-6-month-olds' amodal abstraction of the labial versus coronal place of articulation distinction between consonants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNonacademic predictors of China medical licensing examination.
BMC Med Educ
January 2025
Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Lab of Functional Imaging and Tianjin Institute of Radiology and State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
Background: National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) is the entrance exam for medical practice in China, and its general medical knowledge test (GMKT) evaluates abilities of medical students to comprehensively apply medical knowledge to clinical practice. This study aimed to identify nonacademic predictors of GMKT performance, which would benefit medical schools in designing appropriate strategies and techniques to facilitate the transition from medical students to qualified medical practitioners.
Methods: In 1202 medical students, we conducted the deletion-substitution-addition (DSA) and structural equation model (SEM) analyses to identify nonacademic predictors of GMKT performance from 98 candidate variables including early life events, physical conditions, psychological and personality assessments, cognitive abilities, and socioeconomic conditions.
Sub-Chronic 30 mg/kg Iron Treatment Induces Spatial Cognition Impairment and Brain Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats.
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Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-Resources Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Avenue Habib Bourguiba BP 382, 9000, Beja, Tunisia.
Iron overload has been shown to have deleterious effects in the brain through the formation of reactive oxygen species, which ultimately may contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, rodent studies have indicated that systemic administration of iron produces excess iron in the brain and results in behavioral and cognitive deficits. To what extent cognitive abilities are affected and which neurobiological mechanisms underlie those deficits remain to be more fully characterized.
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