The bioactive components of Ganoderma formosanum have not yet been characterized. We investigated the immunomodulatory activities of the extracellular polysaccharides produced from a submerged mycelial culture of G. formosanum. The polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose. After gel filtration chromatography, three polysaccharide fractions (PS-F1, PS-F2 and PS-F3) were purified. PS-F2 stimulated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages to produce TNF-α and nitric oxide, and enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages. PS-F2 challenge in mice triggered an acute inflammatory response characterized by the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, which protected mice from subsequent infection of Listeria monocytogenes. The results indicate that the heteropolysaccharides produced by G. formosanum can activate the innate immune response on macrophages.
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Article Synopsis
- Androgen-independent prostate cancer is a significant cause of mortality worldwide, leading researchers to explore treatments using extracts from the medical fungus Ganoderma.
- In this study, extracts (hexane and butanol) from Ganoderma showed a dose-dependent inhibition of DU145 cells, a type of prostate cancer cell that doesn't rely on androgens.
- The extracts not only caused cell-cycle arrest but also promoted programmed cell death in cancer cells while showing lower toxicity to normal cells, suggesting their potential as treatments for androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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