AI Article Synopsis
- The report reviews cases of young patients experiencing subacute combined degeneration due to nitrous oxide inhalation, highlighting the need for differential diagnosis in progressive myelopathy.
- Three patients (ages 18-24) showed neurological symptoms after using nitrous oxide from whipped cream containers, which was linked to low vitamin B12 levels and spinal cord changes on MRI.
- Their condition improved with vitamin B12 treatment and stopping nitrous oxide, underlining the risks of its misuse among youth.
Article Abstract
Purpose: Case reports with a comprehensive review of the current literature concerning subacute combined degeneration induced by nitrous oxide inhalation. A differential diagnosis should be considered when young patients present with progressive myelopathy because that the misuse of nitrous oxide has potentially serious outcomes.
Cases Report: Three young patients aged from 18 to 24, one male and two females, were diagnosed with progressive ascending numbness in four limbs or both legs and ataxia. They all had been inhaling nitrous oxide from whipped-cream containers for several months. A cervicothoracic magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed long segmental hyperintensity changes at the posterior column of the spinal cord. Serological examination showed a low level of vitamin B12. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord was diagnosed and the etiology was considered related to nitrous oxide misuse. Their neurological status, neuroimage, and neurophysiologic condition improved after vitamin B12 supplementation and cessation of nitrous oxide inhalation.
Conclusion: Iatrogenic usage of nitrous oxide apparently resulted in subacute combined degeneration in our three patients. Recently, nitrous oxide misuse has increased among young people. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord should be considered as a possible outcome of such abuse.
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