AI Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates how feed intake, growth, and behavior impact the slow growth rates of cultured sole (Solea solea), using 16 individually housed fish to measure these parameters over two 4-week periods.
- - Results show significant individual variability in feed intake (23%), growth (25%), and behavior (100%), with feed intake accounting for 79% of growth differences; more active fish tend to eat and grow more.
- - Boldness in behavioral tests correlates positively with growth and feed intake, indicating that consistent feeding, swimming activity, and boldness play crucial roles in the successful aquaculture of sole.
Article Abstract
The major economic constraint for culturing sole (Solea solea) is its slow and variable growth. The objective was to study the relationship between feed intake/efficiency, growth, and (non-) feeding behaviour of sole. Sixteen juveniles with an average (SD) growth of 2.7 (1.9) g/kg(0.8)/d were selected on their growth during a 4-week period in which they were housed communally with 84 other fish. Selected fish were housed individually during a second 4-week period to measure individual feed intake, growth, and behaviour. Fish were hand-fed three times a day during the dark phase of the day until apparent satiation. During six different days, behaviour was recorded twice daily during 3 minutes by direct observations. Total swimming activity, frequency of burying and of escapes were recorded. At the beginning and end of the growth period, two sequential behavioural tests were performed: "Novel Environment" and "Light Avoidance". Fish housed individually still exhibited pronounced variation in feed intake (CV = 23%), growth (CV = 25%) and behavior (CV = 100%). Differences in feed intake account for 79% of the observed individual differences in growth of sole. Fish with higher variation in feed intake between days and between meals within days had significantly a lower total feed intake (r = -0.65 and r = -0.77) and growth. Active fish showed significantly higher feed intake (r = 0.66) and growth (r = 0.58). Boldness during both challenge tests was related to fast growth: (1) fish which reacted with a lower latency time to swim in a novel environment had significantly higher feed intake (r = -0.55) and growth (r = -0.66); (2) fish escaping during the light avoidance test tended to show higher feed intake (P<0.1) and had higher growth (P<0.05). In conclusion, feeding consistency, swimming activity in the tank, and boldness during behavioral tests are related to feed intake and growth of sole in captivity.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3124501 | PMC |
| http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0021393 | PLOS |
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