Morphologies and microstructures of nano-sized Cu(2)O particles using a cetyltrimethylammonium template.

Hollow polyhedra and cubes of nanostructured Cu(2)O particles have been synthesized by reduction of CuSO(4) with ascorbate acid in the solution phase. The nanostructures were obtained when the cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAB) concentration ranged from 0 to 0.03 M in the presence of NaOH. Structural characterizations, by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for measuring Cu valence states and by electron microscopy for microstructure and chemical analyses, suggest that most Cu(2)O nanoparticles are covered with a thin CuO shell arising possibly from reaction of the adsorbed oxygen on the Cu(2)O particle surface. The blue shift is observed as microstructures of Cu(2)O nanoparticles changed from cubic to hollow in ultraviolet and visible (UV-visible) absorption spectra. Both the Cu(2)O hollow and cubic nanostructures show certain quantum-confined effects. A cationic CTAB template mechanism is proposed to interpret the formation of the Cu(2)O nanoparticles.