AI Article Synopsis

  • Three new copper(II) complexes with dimethyl substituted 4-nitropyridine N-oxide were successfully synthesized and analyzed using various methods, resulting in the isolation of trans isomer mononuclear complexes.
  • The crystal structure of one complex was determined, and all complexes were tested for cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines, revealing significant effectiveness, particularly against the P-388 leukemia cell line.
  • The study also highlighted that the number of methyl groups in the ligand influenced cytotoxicity, with fewer or no substituents leading to better results, indicating that complexation enhanced cytotoxic effects compared to the uncoordinated ligands.

Article Abstract

Three new nitrato copper(II) complexes of dimethyl substituted 4-nitropyridine N-oxide were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic, spectroscopic, thermal and X-ray methods, respectively. They were isolated as trans isomers, mononuclear (μ=1.70-1.88 BM), five (1-2) and four (3) coordinate species of general formula [Cu(NO3)2(H2O)L2] where L=2,3-dimethyl-, 2,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide and [Cu (NO3)2L2], L=3,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide, respectively. The X-ray crystal structure of (1) (L=2,3-dimethyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide) was determined. The organic ligands, the complexes and copper hexaqua ion as a reference were tested in vitro on the cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (breast), SW-707 (colon) and P-388 (murine leukemia). The complexes are relatively strong cytotoxic agents towards P-388 cell line. Comparative analysis was performed for all known copper(II) complexes containing methyl derivatives of the 4-nitropyridine N-oxide on the basis of their composition, structure and cytotoxic activities. To obtain the typical structure for these species (i.e., 4-coordinate mononuclear of the type trans-[Cu(inorganic anion)2L2]), two methyl groups must be situated on both sides of nitrogen atom(s) (i.e., NO and NO2) in the ligand. The biological activity was found to be strongly dependent upon the number of the methyl groups and the type of cell line. The best cytotoxic results were found for the complexes without substituents or with one methyl group. Generally, for all cell lines, the complexation increased cytotoxicity when compared with the free ligands.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.05.001DOI Listing

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