Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to all organisms. Soil contamination by Cd has become an increasing problem worldwide due to the intensive use of Cd-containing phosphate fertilizers and industrial zinc mining. Phytolacca americana L. is a Cd hyperaccumulator plant that can grow in Cd-polluted areas. However, the molecular basis for its remarkable Cd resistance is not known. In this study, the effects of Cd exposure on protein expression patterns in P.americana was investigated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). 2-DE profiles of leaf proteins from both control and Cd-treated (400μM, 48h) seedlings were compared quantitatively using ImageMaster software. In total, 32 differentially expressed protein spots were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry coupled to protein database search, corresponding to 25 unique gene products. Of those 14 were enhanced/induced while 11 reduced under Cd treatment. The alteration pattern of protein expression was verified for several key proteins involved in distinct metabolic pathways by immuno-blot analysis. Major changes were found for the proteins involved in photosynthetic pathways as well as in the sulfur- and GSH-related metabolisms. One-third of the up-regulated proteins were attributed to transcription, translation and molecular chaperones including a protein belonging to the calreticulin family. Other proteins include antioxidative enzymes such as 2-cys-peroxidase and oxidoreductases. The results of this proteomic analysis provide the first and primary information regarding the molecular basis of Cd hypertolerance in P. americana.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.029 | DOI Listing |
J Environ Manage
January 2025
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Serpentine soils are characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) and limited essential nutrients with remarkable endemic plant diversity, yet the mechanisms enabling plant adaptation to thrive in such harsh environments remain largely unknown. Full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, coupled with physiological and functional assays, was used to explore root-associated bacterial community composition and their metabolic and ecological functions. The results revealed that serpentine plant species exhibited significantly higher metal transfer factor values compared to non-serpentine plant species, particularly evident in Bidens pilosa, Miscanthus floridulus, and Leucaena leucocephala.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHumic substances, such as Fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA), are widely used for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils due to their ability to enhance metal mobility and facilitate plant uptake. In this study, we conducted a pot experiment with alfalfa to investigate the effects of FA and HA amendments on the mobility of molybdenum (Mo) in the soil, its uptake by alfalfa plants, and subsequent changes in the microbial community. The results demonstrated that both FA and HA influence Mo accumulation in the soil and plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
December 2024
Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, VIT-School of Agricultural Innovation and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, 632014, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Contamination by heavy metals (HMs) poses a significant threat to the ecosystem and its associated micro and macroorganisms, leading to ill effects on humans which necessitate the requirement of effective remediation strategies. Microbial remediation leverages the natural metabolic abilities of microbes to overcome heavy metal pollution effectively. Some of the mechanisms that aids in the removal of heavy metals includes bioaccumulation, biosorption, and biomineralization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
December 2024
Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
Both rhizospheric soil microbes and shoot litter input can have profound effects on plant performance; however, their interactive effects on plants in Cd-contaminated soils remain poorly understood. We grew an invasive hyperaccumulator, , in sterilized and unsterilized rhizosphere soil without litter or with a low (0.2%, dry weight ratio) or a high amount (1%) of litter from in soil with low (5 mg kg) or high (10 mg kg) concentrations of Cd.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, PR China. Electronic address:
The hyperaccumulating ecotype Sedum alfredii Hance is one of few Cd hyperaccumulators with Cd contents in leaves and stems up to 9000 mg/kg (dry weight, DW) and 6500 mg/kg (DW) respectively without displaying significant toxicity symptoms as reported in 2004. Numerous studies have been conducted to uncover the mystery of its hypertolerance and hyperaccumulation using high-throughput sequencing, biochemical and molecular techniques, mainly pointing to the root-microorganism interaction, restrained Cd storage in roots, efficient root-shoot translocation, effective cellular detoxification, and phloem-mediated metal remobilization. This also encourages studies on functional genes involved in metal transport, antioxidant, transcription regulation and stress response, providing candidates for genetic modification.
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