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Grasping Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) from the Perspective of Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE): Etiopathogenic Mechanisms and Relevance for the Integrative Management.
Biol Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, CIBEREHD, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition caused by exposure to traumatic events, affecting 5-10% of the population, with increased prevalence among women and individuals in war zones. Beyond psychological symptoms, PTSD induces significant physiological changes across systems. Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE) offers a framework to explore these complex interactions between the psyche and the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResilience of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats to Secondary Insults After Traumatic Brain Injury: Immediate Seizures, Survival, and Stress Response.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117485, Russia.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the primary causes of mortality and disability, with arterial blood pressure being an important factor in the clinical management of TBI. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), widely used as a model of essential hypertension and vascular dementia, demonstrate dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which may contribute to glucocorticoid-mediated hippocampal damage. The aim of this study was to assess acute post-TBI seizures, delayed mortality, and hippocampal pathology in SHRs and normotensive Sprague Dawley rats (SDRs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCortisol Imbalance and Fear Learning in PTSD: Therapeutic Approaches to Control Abnormal Fear Responses.
Curr Neuropharmacol
January 2025
Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is mainly characterized by dysregulated fear re- sponses, including hyperarousal and intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic memories. This work delves into the intricate interplay between abnormal fear responses, cortisol dysregulation, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, elucidating their role in the manifestation of PTSD. Giv- en the persistent nature of PTSD symptoms and the limitations of conventional therapies, innovative interventions are urgently needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOn the Role of Epigenetic Modifications of HPA Axis in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Resilience.
J Neurophysiol
January 2025
Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4; Canada.
Stress is a fundamental adaptive response mediated by the amygdala and Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. Extreme or chronic stress, however, can result in a multitude of neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, paranoia, bipolar disorder (BP), major depressive disorder (MDD), and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Despite widespread exposure to trauma (70.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLearning from Hindsight: Examining Autonomic, Inflammatory, and Endocrine Stress Biomarkers and Mental Health in Healthy Terrorism Survivors Many Years Later.
Prehosp Disaster Med
January 2025
Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Statistician/Section Chief of Analytics, Research Service, VA North Texas HCS, Dallas, TexasUSA.
Introduction: Terrorism and trauma survivors often experience changes in biomarkers of autonomic, inflammatory and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis assessed at various times. Research suggests interactions of these systems in chronic stress.
Study Objective: This unprecedented retrospective study explores long-term stress biomarkers in three systems in terrorism survivors.
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