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Long-term co-circulation of multiple arboviruses in southeast Australia revealed by xeno-monitoring and viral whole-genome sequencing.
Virus Evol
November 2024
Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
Arbovirus surveillance of wild-caught mosquitoes is an affordable and sensitive means of monitoring virus transmission dynamics at various spatial-temporal scales, and emergence and re-emergence during epidemic and interepidemic periods. A variety of molecular diagnostics for arbovirus screening of mosquitoes (known as xeno-monitoring) are available, but most provide limited information about virus diversity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screening coupled with RNA sequencing is an increasingly affordable and sensitive pipeline for integrating complete viral genome sequencing into surveillance programs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAttenuated Getah virus confers protection against multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses.
PLoS Pathog
November 2024
Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Alphaviruses are important arthropod-transmitted pathogens of humans and livestock. Getah virus (GETV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that causes disease in horses and piglets; it also poses a potential threat to humans. A live attenuated vaccine candidate named GETV-3ΔS2-CM1, harbouring a deletion in nonstructural protein 3 and substitutions in the capsid protein, is genetically stable and exhibits robust immunogenicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndependent repeated mutations within the alphaviruses Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus indicates convergent evolution and past positive selection in ancestral populations despite ongoing purifying selection.
Virus Evol
September 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Ross River virus (RRV) and Barmah Forest virus (BFV) are related viruses found in Australia and Papua New Guinea, showing evidence of convergent evolution in their genetic development.
- Analysis of multiple genomes revealed that specific mutations in key proteins are important for their replication and interaction with host cells, indicating similarities in how both viruses adapt to their environments.
- Although some mutations appear to have benefited their evolution, the overall selection pressures suggest that RRV and BFV have undergone purifying selection, maintaining stable functions during their replication in different hosts like mosquitoes and vertebrates.
Complex transmission epidemiology of neglected Australian arboviruses: diverse non-human vertebrate hosts and competent arthropod invertebrate vectors.
Front Microbiol
September 2024
College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam.
More than 75 arboviruses are indigenous to Australia, of which at least 13 are known to cause disease in humans. Alphaviruses are the most common arboviruses, notably including Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses, which contribute a significant public health and economic burden in Australia. Both can cause febrile illness with arthritic symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArbovirus Transmission in Australia from 2002 to 2017.
Biology (Basel)
July 2024
Research and Development, Strategy and Growth, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
Arboviruses pose a significant global public health threat, with Ross River virus (RRV), Barmah Forest virus (BFV), and dengue virus (DENV) being among the most common and clinically significant in Australia. Some arboviruses, including those prevalent in Australia, have been reported to cause transfusion-transmitted infections. This study examined the spatiotemporal variation of these arboviruses and their potential impact on blood donation numbers across Australia.
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