New 2-heterocyclyl-imidazo[2,1-i]purin-5-one derivatives as potent and selective human A3 adenosine receptor antagonists.

A series of 4-allyl/benzyl-7,8-dihydro-8-methyl/ethyl-2-[(substituted)isoxazol/pyrazol-3/5-yl]-1H-imidazo[2,1-i]purin-5(4H)-ones has been synthesized and evaluated in radioligand binding assays to determine their affinities at the human A(1), A(2A), and A(3) adenosine receptors. Efficacy at the hA(2B) AR and antagonism of selected ligands at the hA(3) AR were also assessed through cAMP experiments. All of the synthesized molecules exhibited high affinity at the hA(3) AR (K(i) values ranging from 1.46 to 44.8 nM), as well as remarkable selectivity versus A(1), A(2A), and A(2B) AR subtypes. Compound (R)-4-allyl-8-ethyl-7,8-dihydro-2-(3-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H-imidazo[2,1-i]purin-5(4H)-one (R-33) was found to be the most potent and selective ligand of the series (K(i) hA(3) = 1.46 nM, K(i) hA(2A)/K(i) hA(3) > 3425; IC(50) hA(2B)/K(i) hA(3) > 3425; K(i) hA(1)/K(i) hA(3) = 1729). Molecular modeling studies were helpful in rationalizing the available structure-activity relationships along with the selectivity profiles of the new series of ligands.