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Diphtheria antitoxin treatment: from pioneer to neglected.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
January 2025
Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.
Diphtheria, a severe respiratory infection, was a major killer of children until the early years of the 20th century. Although diphtheria is now largely controlled globally thanks to vaccination, it is still endemic in some world regions and large epidemics can occur where vaccination coverage is insufficient. The pathological effects caused by its main virulence factor, diphtheria toxin, can be diminished by passive transfer of antibodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular phenotypes of critical illness confer prognostic and biological enrichment in sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective cohort study from Uganda.
Thorax
December 2024
Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
The generalisability of critical illness molecular phenotypes to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is unknown. We show that molecular phenotypes derived in high-income countries (hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory, reactive and uninflamed) stratify sepsis patients in Uganda by physiological severity, mortality risk and dysregulation of key pathobiological domains. A classifier model including data available at the LMIC bedside modestly discriminated phenotype assignment (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFollow-Up of Infants With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Following Maternal Primary Infection in the First Trimester and Normal Fetal Brain Imaging at Midgestation.
Prenat Diagn
December 2024
Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Objective: To determine outcomes at birth and postnatal sequelae of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection following maternal primary infection in the first trimester with normal fetal brain imaging at midgestation.
Methods: A retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted, including all cases of proven cCMV infection following maternal primary infection in the first trimester from 2014 until 2021 and normal fetal brain imaging before 22 weeks of gestation. All pregnancies were followed according to our protocol, which offers amniocentesis at least 8 weeks after the onset of infection, serial ultrasound scans, and a fetal MRI in the third trimester.
Using Passive Antibody Therapies in the Next Pandemic.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol
December 2024
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
The twenty-first century has witnessed seven human viral pandemics. Approximately once every three to four years over the past quarter-century, the world has experienced a new viral epidemic that expanded well beyond its original national borders to become a pandemic. The probability that another pandemic caused by a previously unknown agent will occur in the near future is thus very high and public health agencies must prioritize mechanisms for detecting their first signals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment and evaluation of egg yolk-derived antibodies for ELISA diagnostics of African Animal Trypanosomiasis.
Vet Parasitol
January 2025
Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Élevage en Zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso / Unité de Recherche sur les Bases biologiques de la lute intégrée (URBIO).
Article Synopsis
- * This study developed a method to produce labelled antibodies from egg yolk by immunizing chickens with purified IgG from hyperimmune cattle and extracting IgY, which showed promising diagnostic potential compared to traditional IgG tests.
- * The findings indicated that the experimental antiserum had comparable accuracy in detecting target antibodies and presented a cost-effective alternative to expensive commercial options, suggesting a pathway for standardized production in resource-limited regions.
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