Short-term mechanical management of cardiogenic shock.

Cardiogenic shock (CS), a state of cardiac dysfunction that results in systemic hypoperfusion and end-organ dysfunction, is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Various forms of mechanical circulatory support have been used to treat CS. First employed in the 1960s, the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been a mainstay in the treatment of acute CS. However, the IABP is unable to provide adequate support in many patients, and newer technologies, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and percutaneous ventricular assist devices, appear to be more effective in reversing CS. These devices are also useful for supporting patients during complex percutaneous coronary intervention. Perhaps most importantly, they can be used as a bridge to decision or definitive therapy in CS patients who are potential candidates for surgical ventricular assist devices or cardiac transplantation.