SOD activity was quantified by the use of a cytochrome c-modified gold electrode. The electrode responded rapidly to superoxide radicals in solution. Steady-state superoxide concentrations were established by control of the calibration conditions. On this basis very low SOD activities were detected (10-200 munits/mL). This method showed good correlation with the standard photometric test and was applied for the determination of SOD activity entrapped into liposomes. Interference by hydrogen peroxide and uric acid was characterized and minimized using long-chain thiols for the first electrode modification step. The complete modification proved to be stable for several days.
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