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Natural Killer Cell Education in Women With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.
Am J Reprod Immunol
February 2025
GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Problem: Natural killer (NK) cells undergo education for full functionality via interactions between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) or NKG2A and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands. Presumably, education is important during early pregnancy as insufficient education has been associated with impaired vascular remodeling and restricted fetal growth in mice. NK cell education is influenced by receptor co-expression patterns, human cytomegalovirus (CMV), the HLA-E107 dimorphism, and HLA-B leader peptide variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSafety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of Cytomegalovirus Vaccines: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is widespread and mostly causes asymptomatic infections in immunocompetent hosts, but it may lead to severe and life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant patients and congenitally infected children, representing a significant public health concern. Although there are no licensed CMV vaccines, the development of a CMV vaccine is considered a high priority due to its potential to reduce the burden associated with CMV-related complications, and several approaches are under investigation. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on various CMV vaccines currently under clinical development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploitation of Unconventional CD8 T-Cell Responses Induced by Engineered Cytomegaloviruses for the Development of an HIV-1 Vaccine.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
After four decades of intensive research, traditional vaccination strategies for HIV-1 remain ineffective due to HIV-1's extraordinary genetic diversity and complex immune evasion mechanisms. Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) have emerged as a novel type of vaccine vector with unique advantages due to CMV persistence and immunogenicity. Rhesus macaques vaccinated with molecular clone 68-1 of RhCMV (RhCMV68-1) engineered to express simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) immunogens elicited an unconventional major histocompatibility complex class Ib allele E (MHC-E)-restricted CD8 T-cell response, which consistently protected over half of the animals against a highly pathogenic SIV challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytomegalovirus-associated panenteritis in an immunocompetent 60-year-old woman treated with oral valganciclovir: a case report.
J Int Med Res
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection typically affects immunocompromised individuals. However, CMV-associated enteritis involving the entire small intestine is rare in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of a 60-year-old immunocompetent woman with a history of diabetes mellitus who presented with diarrhea for 3 weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Review of the Antiviral Activity of Berberine.
Curr Drug Discov Technol
January 2025
Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid with strong pharmacological activity such as analgesic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, anti-seizure, anti-obesity, and hypolipidemic effects. Accumulated evidence indicates berberine plays an inhibitory role against infection of numerous viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, human cytomegalovirus, and influenza virus. Berberine's antiviral action has shown promise, making it a viable option for synergistically enhancing the inhibitory effect of current antiviral medicines.
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