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PBMC transcriptomic signatures reflect Trypanosoma cruzi strain diversity and trained immunity in chronically infected macaques.
JCI Insight
January 2025
Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States of America.
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi with clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic to cardiac and/or gastrointestinal complications. The mechanisms of pathogenesis are still poorly understood, but T. cruzi strain diversity may be associated with disease progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonocyte-derived macrophages act as reinforcements when microglia fall short in Alzheimer's disease.
Nat Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
The central nervous system (CNS) is endowed with its own resident innate immune cells, the microglia. They constitute approximately 10% of the total cells within the CNS parenchyma and act as 'sentinels', sensing and mitigating any deviation from homeostasis. Nevertheless, under severe acute or chronic neurological injury or disease, microglia are unable to contain the damage, and the reparative activity of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) is required.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Obesity, Esophagogastric Junction Fat Impairs Esophageal Barrier Function and Dilates Intercellular Spaces via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α.
Gastroenterology
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas. Electronic address:
Background & Aims: Dilated intercellular space in esophageal epithelium, a sign of impaired barrier function, is a characteristic finding of gastroesophageal reflux disease that is also found in obese patients without gastroesophageal reflux disease. We explored molecular mechanisms whereby adipose tissue products might impair esophageal barrier integrity.
Methods: Cultures of visceral fat obtained during foregut surgery from obese and nonobese patients were established.
Cytokine signalling in formation of neutrophil extracellular traps: Implications for health and diseases.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev
December 2024
Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India. Electronic address:
Neutrophils, as essential component of the innate immune response, form a crucial part in the defence mechanisms through the release of extracellular traps (NETs). These web-like structures, composed of chromatin and antimicrobial proteins, are essential for the entrapment and inactivation of pathogens. However, either constitutive formation or inefficient clearance of NETs leads to adverse effects such as fibrosis, thrombosis, delayed wound healing and tissue damage in multiple diseases associated with sterile inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCXCL12-targeted immunomodulatory gene therapy reduces radiation-induced fibrosis in healthy tissues.
Mol Cancer Ther
December 2024
Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a progressive pathology deleteriously impacting cancer survivorship. CXCL12 is an immune-stromal signal implicated in fibrosis and innate response. We hypothesised that modulation of CXCL12 would phenotypically mitigate RIF.
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