Governments constantly face the challenge of determining how much they should spend to prevent premature deaths and suffering in their populations. In this article we explore the benefits of expanding the delivery of life-saving vaccines in seventy-two low- and middle-income countries, which we estimate would prevent the deaths of 6.4 million children between 2011 and 2020. We present the economic benefits of vaccines by using a "value of statistical life" approach, which is based on individuals' perceptions regarding the trade-off between income and increased risk of mortality. Our analysis shows that the vaccine expansion described above corresponds to $231 billion (uncertainty range: $116-$614 billion) in the value of statistical lives saved. This analysis complements results from analyses based on other techniques and is the first of its kind for immunizations in the world's poorest countries. It highlights the major economic benefits made possible by improving vaccine coverage.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0381 | DOI Listing |
BMC Psychiatry
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sina University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Background: Smartphone use has rapidly increased worldwide. It was estimated that worldwide use of smartphones surpassed 4.3 billion in 2023, which means 54% of the world's population now uses smartphones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Health Res
December 2024
School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, PR China.
Research on geographic and socioeconomic disparities of NO attributed mortality burden is limited. This study aims to quantify the geographic and socioeconomic differences in the association between long-term exposure to NO and mortality burden in China. We estimated the all-cause mortality burden of adults over 16 years old attributable to NO exposure above 10 µg/m for 231 Chinese cities from 2015 to 2019, and geographic and socioeconomic differences .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The importance of adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness for long-term risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains poorly investigated, and whether the association is influenced by unobserved familial confounding is unknown.
Methods: We conducted a sibling-controlled cohort study based on all Swedish men who participated in mandatory military conscription examinations from 1972 to 1995 around the age of 18, and who completed standardized cardiorespiratory fitness testing. The outcome was T2D, defined as a composite endpoint of diagnosis in inpatient or specialist outpatient care, or dispensation of antidiabetic medication, until 31 December 2023.
Theriogenology
January 2025
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. Electronic address:
Mar Pollut Bull
November 2024
Wildlife and Nature Protection Society, No. 86, Rajamalwatte Road, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka; Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, B308 Negombo-Kurunegala Road, Makandura, Sri Lanka.
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