Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition subclassified in DSM-IV according to its core symptoms domains as (a) predominantly inattentive (ADHD-IN), (b) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive (ADHD-H), and (c) combined inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive (ADHD-C). Whether these subtypes represent distinct clinical entities or points on a severity continuum is controversial. Divergence in treatment response is a potential indicator of qualitative heterogeneity. This study examined smoking cessation response by ADHD subtype to osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH).
Methods: Male and female adult smokers (ADHD-C = 167 and ADHD-IN = 87) were randomized to receive OROS-MPH or placebo as augmentation treatment to nicotine patch and counseling. Logistic regression was conducted to test the effect of OROS-MPH versus placebo on prolonged smoking abstinence by ADHD subtype.
Results: The subtypes were similar in baseline demographic, smoking, and psychiatric history but differed in smoking cessation response to OROS-MPH or placebo as a function of nicotine dependence level. The 3-way interaction was significant; χ(2)(1) = 8.22, p < .01. Among highly dependent smokers, the prolonged abstinence rates were greater with OROS-MPH than with placebo in the ADHD-C group (60% vs. 31.3%, respectively, p < .05) but higher with placebo than with OROS-MPH in the ADHD-IN group (60% vs. 11.8%, respectively, p < .01). Abstinence rates did not differ by subtype or treatment among smokers who were less nicotine dependent.
Conclusion: Contrasting treatment response and divergence in the impact of nicotine dependence level support the hypothesis of ADHD subtypes as distinct clinical entities and may indicate the need and directions for personalized targeted treatments of smokers with ADHD.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntr087 | DOI Listing |
Health Promot J Austr
January 2025
Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
Issue Addressed: Smoking rates have been steadily declining among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Examining the factors associated with not smoking in young people is crucial for understanding the motivations and influences that lead individuals to adopt healthy behaviours.
Methods: Secondary analysis was undertaken of data collected as part of the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS) 2014-15 (n = 1456).
BMJ Open
December 2024
Department of Community Health Nursing, Member of Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Objectives: In recent years, non-invasive stimulation technologies such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, bioresonance and auriculotherapy have been used for smoking cessation. Individuals may face various challenges throughout the quitting process. This study aimed to explore the challenges of smoking cessation for users of non-invasive stimulation technologies in Iran.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
December 2024
Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Introduction: Tobacco smoking remains a leading cause of ill-health, premature mortality and a driver of health inequalities. To support smokers in England, a comprehensive approach to treating tobacco dependence is being implemented. This includes offering support to all people admitted to hospitals, as well as women and pregnant people within NHS settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Subst Use Addict Treat
December 2024
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Tobacco Control Division, Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Introduction: Although the relationships between personal factors and smoking abstinence are well-documented, institutional variation in smoking abstinence remains underexplored. This study investigates institutional variation in the six-month smoking abstinence prevalence among institutions participating in Taiwan's Second-Generation Tobacco Cessation Program (SGTCP) and examines institutional characteristics associated with smoking cessation success.
Methods: The analysis included 304,757 pharmacotherapy and health education sessions from 160,336 participants who received smoking cessation services across 2420 institutions under the SGTCP between 2000 and June 2022.
J Family Med Prim Care
November 2024
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pondicherry, India.
Background: Tobacco use is major serious threats to health and well-being killing approximately 1 million people each year. One of the better ways for tobacco cessation is by promoting the cultural-religious belief that may influence a person's tobacco-related habits.
Methods: A Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 174 adult subjects of smoking and smokeless tobacco users.
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