Dialysis patients after kidney graft failure: Slovenian experience.

Increased mortality has been reported in patients starting dialysis after kidney graft failure. In this study we analyzed this subgroup of dialysis patients based on the data from the Slovenian Renal Replacement Therapy Registry. Patients starting dialysis after graft failure in the period between 2004 and 2008 were identified from the registry. Demographic, clinical and treatment data, as well as survival were compared to incident dialysis patients, who were on the waiting list or preparing for enrollment. There were 49 patients starting dialysis after 7.9 ± 6.4 years spent with a functioning graft and a total of 13.7 ± 7.4 years on renal replacement therapy. Their mean age was 48.3 ± 11.0 years (vs. 48.2 ± 13.9 years in incident patients, P = 0.96), 53% were male, and all were on hemodialysis. By the end of 2008, 8 (16%) patients had been re-transplanted (after a median of 27.5 months) and 11 (23%) had died (after a median of 1.4 months of dialysis). The cause of death was infection in five patients, a cardiovascular event in three, malignancy in two, and a cerebrovascular event in one patient. Deceased patients were significantly older, but similar to survivors in other parameters. Unadjusted one- and three-year survival rates after graft failure were both 77%, which was significantly worse than in incident patients (P < 0.001). To conclude, patients after graft failure have increased mortality in the first year after starting dialysis, but patients surviving the first year have good survival thereafter. Studies focusing on the early period after graft failure are necessary to improve outcomes.