Musculoskeletal Research Group, Division of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
Published: June 2011
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA) the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules is disrupted by catabolic changes that lead to the production of a range of inflammatory mediators and the loss and fragmentation of proteoglycans, fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens. These events result in the degradation and release of ECM fragments, which are potential biomarkers that can be detected in synovial fluid, blood and urine. Proteomics is increasingly applied in cartilage research and has the potential to advance our understanding of the biology of this tissue. It can also provide mechanistic insight into disease pathogenesis and progression and facilitate biomarker discovery. Here we review the area of cartilage and chondrocyte proteomics and published studies relevant to arthritis and OA biomarkers, highlighting areas of current and future research and development. Markers of tissue turnover in joints have the capacity to reflect disease-relevant biological activity potentially enabling a more rational approach to healthcare management. Therefore proteomic studies of cartilage, chondrocytes and their subcellular fractions and other joint cells and tissues may be particularly relevant in diagnostic orthopedics and therapeutic research.
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) make up around 30% of eukaryotic proteomes and play a crucial role in cellular processes and in pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. However, IDPs exhibit dynamic conformational ensembles and are often involved in the formation of biomolecular condensates. Understanding the function of IDPs is critical to research in many areas of science.
Meripilus giganteus, commonly known as the giant polypore, is a significant basidiomycete fungus with notable ecological role and potential medicinal applications. Studies on this fungus have revealed its multifaceted bioactive properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunosuppressive, and neuroprotective effects. Through the production of ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase, M.
Discovery of novel protein biomarkers for clinical applications is an active research field across a manifold of diseases. Despite some successes and progress, the biomarker development pipeline still frequently ends in failure. Biomarker candidates that are discovered by appropriate technologies such as unbiased mass spectrometry cannot be validated or translated to immunoassays in many cases.
Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
Proteins remaining in commercial wines are responsible for the protein haze in white wine unless they are effectively removed before bottling. To avoid this undesirable phenomenon, techniques of precipitation and filtration are applied in the white wine making process to eliminate a large part of them (fining processes) (Ribéreau-Gayon et al., Handbook of enology, vol 2, 3rd edn.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) from decellularized mammalian tissues has been used in many therapeutic applications. The tissue-specific composition of the ECM is critically associated with therapeutic performance. However, ECM translation needs to be improved because of the complex composition and limited understanding of ECM repairing mechanisms due partly to incomplete proteomic interrogation of ECM samples.
