A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): Entity: line 7: parser error : EntityRef: expecting ';'

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): "description": "Failed to connect to /pubone/efetch?a=1&db=pubmed&email=info%

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): ^

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): Entity: line 7: parser error : EntityRef: expecting ';'

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): "description": "Failed to connect to /pubone/efetch?a=1&db=pubmed&email=info%

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): ^

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): Entity: line 7: parser error : EntityRef: expecting ';'

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): iled to connect to /pubone/efetch?a=1&db=pubmed&email=info%40pubfacts.com&format

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): ^

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): Entity: line 7: parser error : EntityRef: expecting ';'

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): onnect to /pubone/efetch?a=1&db=pubmed&email=info%40pubfacts.com&format=xml&View

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): ^

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): Entity: line 7: parser error : EntityRef: expecting ';'

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): ubone/efetch?a=1&db=pubmed&email=info%40pubfacts.com&format=xml&View=pubmed&tool

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): ^

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): Entity: line 7: parser error : EntityRef: expecting ';'

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): =1&db=pubmed&email=info%40pubfacts.com&format=xml&View=pubmed&tool=pubfacts&part

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): ^

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): Entity: line 7: parser error : EntityRef: expecting ';'

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): d&email=info%40pubfacts.com&format=xml&View=pubmed&tool=pubfacts&part=data&Start

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): ^

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): Entity: line 7: parser error : EntityRef: expecting ';'

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): =info%40pubfacts.com&format=xml&View=pubmed&tool=pubfacts&part=data&Start=0&uids

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): ^

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): Entity: line 7: parser error : EntityRef: expecting ';'

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: simplexml_load_string(): cts&part=data&Start=0&uids=39738256,39738239,39738217,39738206,39738205&ncbi_sid

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 220

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 220
Function: simplexml_load_string

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
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Lung dendritic cells induce T(H)17 cells that produce T(H)2 cytokines, express GATA-3, and promote airway inflammation. | LitMetric

Lung dendritic cells induce T(H)17 cells that produce T(H)2 cytokines, express GATA-3, and promote airway inflammation.

J Allergy Clin Immunol

Immunoregulation Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Research Center (CRCHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Published: July 2011

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial to shape the adaptive immune response. Extensive in vitro manipulation reprograms T(H)2 and T(H)17 cell lines into T(H)1 cells, leading to the concept of CD4(+) T(H) cell subset plasticity. The conversion of memory T(H)17 cells into T(H)2 cells or vice versa remains to be clarified.

Objective: We examined the localization of T(H)17/T(H)2 cells in vivo, their cellular origin (T(H)2 vs T(H)17), and the underlying mechanisms that drive the generation of these double T(H) producers.

Methods: Antigen-loaded bone marrow-derived DCs (ovalbumin-DCs) were repeatedly administered locally (intratracheally) or systemically (intravenously) to naive mice to elicit chronic airway inflammation. Inflamed lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes were examined for the presence of IL-17(+)IL-13(+)IL-4(+)CD4(+) T cells that coexpressed retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt and GATA-3 (T(H)17/T(H)2).

Results: We show that repetitive administration of inflammatory ovalbumin-DCs, locally or systemically, promoted the development of antigen-specific T(H)17/T(H)2 cells in lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Immunized mice had IgE-independent and steroid-resistant airway inflammation with a mixed neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Airway inflammatory signal regulatory protein α-positive DCs reprogrammed in vitro-generated T(H)17 but not T(H)2 cells, as well as lung effector T(H) cells, into T(H)17/T(H)2 cells.

Conclusion: We demonstrate the existence of T(H)17/T(H)2 cells that express GATA-3 in inflamed tissues and their T(H)17 origin. We further propose that repeated immunization with inflammatory DCs prevails on the route of DC administration to drive T(H)17/T(H)2-associated chronic lung inflammation.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.029DOI Listing

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