Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
The African elephant population in North American zoos is not self-sustaining, in part due to the prevalence of ovarian acyclicity. While little is known about the cause of this condition, earlier research has shown that females without cyclic corpus luteum (CL) function rank higher in the dominance hierarchy than females with cyclic CL function. The goal of this study was to measure longitudinal serum testosterone concentrations in captive female African elephants to determine if there is a relationship among serum testosterone concentrations, social dominance rank and ovarian cyclicity status. Weekly blood samples from 49 female African elephants (24 having and 25 not having cyclic CL function at 22 facilities) were collected over a 12-month period and analyzed for serum testosterone using an enzymeimmunoassay. A progesterone radioimmunoassay was used to quantify serum progestagen concentrations and categorize ovarian cyclicity status. The dominance hierarchy of individual elephants within each herd was assessed by a written temperament survey, which identified 19 dominant, 15 middle and 15 subordinate females. No clear patterns of serum testosterone secretion were observed in females with and without cyclic CL function. Furthermore, no significant relationships were found among serum testosterone concentrations, dominance rank, and ovarian cyclicity status. These data suggest that increased circulating testosterone concentrations are not associated with greater rates of ovarian acyclicity or dominance status in captive female African elephants.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.04.006 | DOI Listing |
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