In the structure of the title compound, C(10)H(10)O(4), the carboxyl group forms a catemer motif in the [100] direction instead of the expected dimeric structures. The carboxylic acid group is found in the syn conformation and the three-dimensional organization in the crystal is based on C-H⋯O and O-H⋯O interactions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536810038079 | DOI Listing |
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol
January 2025
Institut de R&D Servier, Paris-Saclay, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Introduction: Drug-mediated inhibition of bile salt efflux transporters may cause liver injury. In vitro prediction of drug effects toward canalicular and/or sinusoidal efflux of bile salts from human hepatocytes is therefore a major issue, which can be addressed using liver cell-based assays.
Area Covered: This review, based on a thorough literature search in the scientific databases PubMed and Web of Science, provides key information about hepatic transporters implicated in bile salt efflux, the human liver cell models available for investigating functional inhibition of bile salt efflux, the different methodologies used for this purpose, and the modes of expression of the results.
Orv Hetil
January 2025
1 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Városmajori Szív- és Érgyógyászati Klinika, Kísérletes Kardiológiai és Sebészeti Műtéttani Tanszék Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Magyarország.
Planta
January 2025
Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, P. O. Box 39A, 950 07, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
DbChitI-3, Drosera binata's acidic chitinase, peaks at pH 2.5 from 15 °C to 30 °C. Gene expression is stimulated by polysaccharides and suppressed by monosaccharide digestion, implying a feedback loop in its transcriptional regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)
January 2025
College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China.
Liaoning cashmere goat is an outstanding breed in China primarily for cashmere production, with strict controls against genetic outflow. Melatonin(MT) is a key factor affecting cashmere growth, and preliminary transcriptome sequencing indicated that melatonin upregulates the expression of the PIP5K1A gene in skin fibroblasts. To predict the physicochemical properties of PIP5K1A in Liaoning cashmere goats, ascertain the tissue localization of PIP5K1A in their skin, and explore the role and mechanism of PIP5K1A in the proliferation of skin fibroblasts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)
January 2025
Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agro-resources, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax LR.16ES20, Tunisia.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are recognized as the second most common medical condition, following respiratory infections. Despite the availability of numerous efficacious antibiotics for the management of UTIs, the rising incidence of bacterial resistance presents significant challenges in the treatment of these infections. Bacteria are endowed with the ability to reproduce and develop resistance mechanisms against antibiotics.
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