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Multifactorial approach is needed to unravel the maturation phases of human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
Neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSC-Ns) provide an invaluable model for studying the physiological aspects of human neuronal development under healthy and pathological conditions. However, multiple studies have demonstrated that h-iPSC-Ns exhibit a high degree of functional and epigenetic diversity. Due to the imprecise characterization and significant variation among the currently available maturation protocols, it is essential to establish a set of criteria to standardize models and accurately characterize and define the developmental properties of human neurons derived from iPSCs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLocal regulation of striatal dopamine release shifts from predominantly cholinergic in mice to GABAergic in macaques.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892. USA.
Dopamine critically regulates neuronal excitability and promotes synaptic plasticity in the striatum, thereby shaping network connectivity and influencing behavior. These functions establish dopamine as a key neuromodulator, whose release properties have been well-studied in rodents but remain understudied in nonhuman primates. This study aims to close this gap by investigating the properties of dopamine release in macaque striatum and comparing/contrasting them to better-characterized mouse striatum, using ex vivo brain slices from male and female animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDopamine Drives Feedforward Inhibition to Orexin Feeding System, Mediating Weight Loss Induced by Morphine Addiction.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
Feeding behavior changes induced by opioid addiction significantly contribute to the worsening opioid crisis. Activation of the reward system has shown to provoke binge eating disorder in individuals with opioid use disorder, whereas prolonged opioid exposure leads to weight loss. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these phenomena is essential for addressing this pressing societal issue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeting GABA signaling in type 1 diabetes and its complications- an update on the state of the art.
Pharmacol Rep
January 2025
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that leads to the progressive destruction of insulin-producing β cells, resulting in lifelong insulin dependence and a range of severe complications. Beyond conventional glycemic control, innovative therapeutic strategies are needed to address the underlying disease mechanisms. Recent research has highlighted gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a promising therapeutic target for T1D due to its dual role in modulating both β cell survival and immune response within pancreatic islets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCan memantine treat autism? Answers from preclinical and clinical studies.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
January 2025
Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt; Neuropsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a clinical challenge due to its diverse behavioral symptoms and complex neuro-pathophysiology. Finding effective treatments that target the fundamental mechanisms of ASD remains a top priority. This narrative review presents the potential of the NMDA-receptor blocker memantine in managing ASD symptoms.
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