AI Article Synopsis

  • Leukemia cutis is a condition where leukemic cells infiltrate the skin, and diagnosing myeloid leukemia cutis (MLC) can be difficult, especially in cases without systemic symptoms.
  • MLC can appear similar to hystiocitoid Sweet syndrome (HSS) based on clinical signs and lab tests.
  • In this case study, the myeloperoxidase stain helped distinguish MLC from HSS, highlighting its importance in accurate diagnosis.

Article Abstract

Leukemia cutis is defined as a skin infiltration by leukemic cells. The diagnosis of myeloid leukemia cutis (MLC) can represent a challenge, especially in those cases without symptoms of systemic disease. The clinical appearance, histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical profile can be indistinguishable from those observed in cases of hystiocitoid Sweet syndrome (HSS). We present a case of MLC in which the cutaneous affectation was the first sign of the systemic leukemia. In this setting, the myeloperoxidase stain was the clue to rule out the possibility of HSS. We discuss the role and the utility of the myeloperoxidase stain in the differentiation of these two entities.

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