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The Sub 2-h Official Marathon is Possible: Developing a Drafting Strategy for a Historic Breakthrough in Sports.
Sports Med Open
January 2025
Mechanical Engineering Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Background: Drafting for drag reduction is a tactic commonly employed by elite athletes of various sports. The strategy has been adopted by Kenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge on numerous marathon events in the past, including the 2018 and 2022 editions of the Berlin marathon (where Kipchoge set two official world records), as well as in two special attempts to break the 2 h mark for the distance, the Nike Breaking2 (2017) and the INEOS 1:59 Challenge (2019), where Kipchoge used an improved drafting formation to finish in 1:59:40, although that is not recognized as an official record.
Results: In this study, the drag of a realistic model of a male runner is calculated by computational fluid dynamics for a range of velocities.
Themes and trends in marathon performance research: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis from 2009 to 2023.
Front Physiol
May 2024
Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, China.
When marathon runners break the 2-h barrier at the finishing line, it attracts global attention. This study is aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of publications in the field of marathon running, analyze relevant research contributors, and visualize the historical trends of marathon performance research over the past 15 years. On 8 December 2023, we extracted high-quality publication data from the Web of Science Core Collection spanning from 1 January 2009 to 30 November 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of CurraNZ, a New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract during 1 Hour of Treadmill Running in Female and Male Marathon des Sables Athletes in Hot Conditions: Two Case Studies.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol
April 2024
Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK.
Four weeks before competition in the 2023 Marathon des Sables, a 6-stage, ~250 km running event in the Sahara Desert, we examined the effects of a 7-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract (210 mg anthocyanins per day) on 1 h treadmill running-induced physiological and metabolic responses in the heat (~34 °C, relative humidity: ~30%) in non-acclimatized amateur female and male athletes (age: 23, 38 yrs, BMI: 24.2, 28.4 kg·m, body fat%: 29.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn memory of Kelvin Kiptum: a reflection on his record-breaking marathon and the future outlook for a sub 2-h race from a drafting perspective.
Eur J Appl Physiol
August 2024
Mechanical Engineering Department, Texas Tech University, 809 Boston Ave, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
Background: Drafting is a common technique to reduce the drag experienced by elite runners on races, leading to faster finish times. The tactic has been successfully used in previous marathon world records. In the 2023 Chicago Marathon, Kenyan runner Kelvin Kiptum broke the marathon record after a 2:00:35 finish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing exogenous carbohydrate intake needed to optimize human endurance performance across sex: insights from modeling runners pursuing a sub-2-h marathon.
J Appl Physiol (1985)
January 2024
Department of Human Physiology & Nutrition, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs (UCCS), Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States.
Carbohydrate (CHO) availability sustains high metabolic demands during prolonged exercise. The adequacy of current CHO intake recommendations, 30-90 g·h dependent on CHO mixture and tolerability, to support elite marathon performance is unclear. We sought to scrutinize the current upper limit recommendation for exogenous CHO intake to support modeled sub-2-h marathon (S2M) attempts across elite male and female runners.
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