Clinicians are particularly challenged by the development of interventions for behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement because reinforcers that maintain the responses often cannot be directly observed or manipulated. Researchers have conducted either preference assessments or competing items assessments when developing effective treatments for behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement. However, interventions based on these assessments have not been directly compared. The current study evaluated procedures to make such a comparison. High-competition items resulted in greater reductions in vocal stereotypy than did high-preference items for a preschool boy with autism.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2011.44-211 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Intern Med
January 2025
Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
Importance: The optimal configuration of a smoking cessation intervention in a lung cancer screening (LCS) setting has not yet been established.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 3 tobacco treatment strategies of increasing integration and intensity in the LCS setting.
Design, Setting, And Participants: In this randomized clinical trial, LCS-eligible current smokers were randomized into 3 treatments: quitline (QL), QL plus (QL+), or integrated care (IC).
Traffic Inj Prev
January 2025
China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research & Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chongqing, China.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the influence of different tunnel reinforcement measures on drivers and to evaluate the associated driving safety risks.
Methods: Experimental data of driving behavior and physiological response were collected under different driving simulation scenarios, such as cover arch erection, corrugated steel, grouting, Steel strips, and fire; an evaluation index system was established based on electrocardiographic (ECG), electrodermal activity(EDA), standard deviation of speed (SDSP), Steering Entropy(SE), standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) and other indices. The classical domain rank standard of each evaluation index was divided using K-Means algorithm, and a synthetic evaluation matter-element model was established to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the safety risks of each scenario.
Psychol Aging
January 2025
Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University.
The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) posits that older and younger adults have different life goals due to differences in perceived remaining lifetime. Younger adults focus more on future-oriented knowledge exploration and forming new friendships, while older adults prioritize present-focused emotional regulation and maintaining close relationships. While previous research has found these age differences manifest in autobiographical textual expressions, their presence in verbal communication remains unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
January 2023
Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
Background: Cognitive stimulation (CS) is an intervention for people with dementia offering a range of enjoyable activities providing general stimulation for thinking, concentration and memory, usually in a social setting, such as a small group. CS is distinguished from other approaches such as cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation by its broad focus and social elements, aiming to improve domains such as quality of life (QoL) and mood as well as cognitive function. Recommended in various guidelines and widely implemented internationally, questions remain regarding different modes of delivery and the clinical significance of any benefits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPaediatr Anaesth
January 2025
Department of Anesthesia, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Background: In children, monitoring depth of anesthesia is challenging because of the still developing brain. Electroencephalographic density spectral array monitoring provides age- and anesthetic drug-specific electroencephalographic patterns, making it suitable for use in children. Yet, not much is known about the benefits of using density spectral array on post-operative recovery in children.
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