The exemption levels for surface contamination in units of Bq cm(-2) were derived by developing a new universal dose assessment model that consists of three generic scenarios assessed by considering manually, closely and remotely handled objects. In this paper, as part of the process of verifying the validity of these generic scenarios, annual doses that arise from transport-specific aspects are calculated. The maximum annual doses are found to be lower than 10 µSv, which is the bottom line of the exemption dose criterion. The result verifies the validity of the generic scenarios used in the previous derivation of exemption levels for surface contamination.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr151 | DOI Listing |
J Manag Care Spec Pharm
January 2025
Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy Foundation, Alexandria, VA.
Background: Over the past 5 years, managed care pharmacy has been shaped by a global pandemic, advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI), Medicare drug price negotiation policies, and significant therapeutic developments. Collective intelligence methods can be used to anticipate future developments in practice to help organizations plan and develop new strategies around those changes.
Objective: To identify emerging trends in managed care pharmacy.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China.
Lithium metal batteries are considered the holy grail for next-generation high-energy systems. However, lithium anode faces poor reversibility, unsatisfying cyclability and rate capability due to its uncontrollable plating/stripping behavior. While galvanostatic conditions are extensively studied, the behavior under more realistic application scenarios with variable inputs are less explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe 2024 European Society of Intensive Care Medicine clinical practice guideline provide clinicians with evidence-based recommendations on intravenous fluid in critically ill adults across a range of common conditions. These guidelines aim to improve the practices of fluid therapy by adopting a global perspective that considers both clinical efficacy and resource utilization in diverse healthcare settings. The guidelines address three key questions: (1) albumin versus crystalloids, (2) balanced crystalloids versus isotonic saline, and (3) small-volume hypertonic solutions versus isotonic crystalloids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Struct Biotechnol J
December 2024
Environmental Intelligence Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium.
Exposure of lung epithelia to aerosols is omnipresent. Chronic exposure to polluted air is a significant factor in the development of pulmonary diseases, which are among the top global causes of death, including COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and tuberculosis. As efforts to prevent and treat lung diseases increase, the development of pulmonary drug delivery systems has become a major area of interest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInnovation (Camb)
January 2025
Center for Intelligent Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China.
Optical tweezers and related techniques offer extraordinary opportunities for research and applications in physical, biological, and medical fields. However, certain critical requirements, such as high-intensity laser beams, sophisticated electrode designs, additional electric sources, or low-conductive media, significantly impede their flexibility and adaptability, thus hindering their practical applications. Here, we report innovative photopyroelectric tweezers (PPT) that combine the advantages of light and electric field by utilizing a rationally designed photopyroelectric substrate with efficient and durable photo-induced surface charge-generation capability, enabling diverse manipulation in various working scenarios.
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