The implementation of cash transfer (CT) programs Bolsa Escola (PNBE), Bolsa Alimentação (PBA) and Cartão Alimentação (PCA) was analyzed, collecting data about the legislative "structure" and infrastructure, the implementation "process" and the "results", as far as benefits granted and impacts. This study considers that the adoption of CT policies in Brazil implies in an improvement when compared to previous interventions, especially as regard the promotion of human right to adequate food. It was observed that inadequate legislation can hinder program implementation; so it happened with the centralized model of PNBE, with the ill defined states' attributions in PBA and the absence of clear norms of PCA. There were obstacles during implementation process acting in synergy to block the access to portions of the poorest population. The requirement of civil documents and proof of residence, as well as the demand to present food purchase invoices, reinforced preexisting inequities. This study points out the challenge in the direction of articulating CT programs with other interventions aimed at promoting social rights, demanding interdisciplinary approaches as a way to grant to the excluded an entry into the world of rights.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232011000300018 | DOI Listing |
Anal Chem
January 2025
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Sample pretreatment for mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics and lipidomics is normally conducted independently with two sample aliquots and separate matrix cleanup procedures, making the two-step process sample-intensive and time-consuming. Herein, we introduce a high-throughput pretreatment workflow for integrated nontargeted metabolomics and lipidomics leveraging the enhanced matrix removal (EMR)-lipid microelution 96-well plates. The EMR-lipid technique was innovatively employed to effectively separate and isolate non-lipid small metabolites and lipids in sequence using significantly reduced sample amounts and organic solvents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Sci Instrum
January 2025
Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Surface science instruments require excellent vacuum to ensure surface cleanliness; they also require control of sample temperature, both to clean the surface of contaminants and to control reaction rates at the surface, for example, for molecular beam epitaxy and studies of heterogeneous catalysis. Standard approaches to sample heating within high vacuum chambers involve passing current through filaments of refractory metals, which then heat the sample by convective, radiative, or electron bombardment induced heat transfer. Such hot filament methods lead to outgassing of molecules from neighboring materials that are inadvertently heated; they also produce electrons and ions that may interfere with other aspects of the surface science experiment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Investig Med
January 2025
Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
While pediatric mental health emergencies are increasing in frequency and severity, psychiatric resources remain concentrated in tertiary care facilities. Telepsychiatry has successfully mitigated these challenges in rural emergency departments (EDs), suggesting potential benefits for urban EDs that lack psychiatric resources. We implemented telepsychiatry in an urban ED to reduce ED length of stay and the need for transferring pediatric patients with mental and behavioral health complaints.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Funct Mater
January 2025
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging modality that can address longstanding technological challenges encountered with magnetic particle hyperthermia (MPH) cancer therapy. MPI is a tracer technology compatible with MPH for which magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) provide signal for MPI and heat for MPH. Identifying whether a specific MNP formulation is suitable for both modalities is essential for clinical implementation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNano Lett
January 2025
School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, P. R. China.
The growth and integration of position-controlled, morphology-programmable silicon nanowires (SiNWs), directly upon low-cost polymer substrates instead of postgrowth transferring, is attractive for developing advanced flexible sensors and logics. In this work, a low temperature growth of SiNWs at only 200 °C has been demonstrated, for the first time, upon flexible polyimide (PI) films, via a planar solid-liquid-solid (IPSLS) growth mechanism. The SiNWs with diameter of ∼146 nm can be grown into precise locations on PI as orderly array and with preferred elastic geometry.
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