AI Article Synopsis
- The PTPN22 locus is a significant genetic factor linked to various autoimmune diseases, making it one of the strongest risk markers outside the major histocompatibility complex.
- PTPN22 encodes a protein called lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp), which is specifically found in immune cells.
- A single genetic mutation in this gene is associated with numerous autoimmune conditions, including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, and this review discusses the genetic, geographic, biochemical, and functional aspects of the PTPN22 locus.
Article Abstract
The PTPN22 locus is one of the strongest risk factors outside of the major histocompatability complex that associates with autoimmune diseases. PTPN22 encodes lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) which is expressed exclusively in immune cells. A single base change in the coding region of this gene resulting in an arginine to tryptophan amino acid substitution within a polyproline binding motif associates with type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, Hashimotos thyroiditis, Graves disease, Addison's disease, Myasthenia Gravis, vitiligo, systemic sclerosis juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Here, we review the current understanding of the PTPN22 locus from a genetic, geographical, biochemical and functional perspective.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.032 | DOI Listing |
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