MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are evolutionarily well-conserved, 21- to 23-nucleotide-long, small non-coding RNAs, are widely involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, such as development, organogenesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that polymorphism in miRNAs and their target sites are closely related to various diseases, such as tumor and cardiological diseases. This review introduces recent progresses on polymorphism in microRNAs and their targeting sites and the related diseases.
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