Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor with a median survival of 14.6 months postdiagnosis. The infiltrative nature of GBM prevents complete resection and residual brain tumor cells give rise to recurrent GBM, a hallmark of this disease. Recurrent GBMs are known to harbor numerous mutations/gene rearrangements when compared to the primary tumor, which leads to the potential expression of novel proteins that could serve as tumor neoantigens. We have developed a combined immune-based gene therapeutic approach for GBM using adenoviral (Ads) mediated gene delivery of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-thymidine kinase (TK) into the tumor mass to induce tumor cells' death combined with an adenovirus expressing fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) to recruit dendritic cells (DCs) into the tumor microenvironment. This leads to the induction of specific anti-brain tumor immunity and immunological memory. In a model of GBM recurrence, we demonstrate that Flt3L/TK mediated immunological memory is capable of recognizing brain tumor neoantigens absent from the original treated tumor. These data demonstrate that the Flt3L/TK gene therapeutic approach can induce systemic immunological memory capable of recognizing a brain tumor neoantigen in a model of recurrent GBM.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188756 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mt.2011.77 | DOI Listing |
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!