AI Article Synopsis
- Metal oxide nanoparticles, particularly 4 ± 1 nm ZnO nanoparticles, are gaining attention for their behavior in aquatic environments due to their widespread use in commercial products.
- The study investigates how pH, ionic strength, and humic acid adsorption influence nanoparticle stability, revealing that these factors lead to aggregation consistent with the DLVO theory.
- Findings indicate that smaller ZnO nanoparticles dissolve more easily, releasing zinc ions into the water, and that while classical thermodynamics suggests this trend, it does not fully explain the observed dissolution behavior.
Article Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles are used in a wide range of commercial products, leading to an increased interest in the behavior of these materials in the aquatic environment. The current study focuses on the stability of some of the smallest ZnO nanomaterials, 4 ± 1 nm in diameter nanoparticles, in aqueous solutions as a function of pH and ionic strength as well as upon the adsorption of humic acid. Measurements of nanoparticle aggregation due to attractive particle-particle interactions show that ionic strength, pH, and adsorption of humic acid affect the aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles in aqueous solutions, which are consistent with the trends expected from Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Measurements of nanoparticle dissolution at both low and high pH show that zinc ions can be released into the aqueous phase and that humic acid under certain, but not all, conditions can increase Zn(2+)(aq) concentrations. Comparison of the dissolution of ZnO nanoparticles of different nanoparticle diameters, including those near 15 and 240 nm, shows that the smallest nanoparticles dissolve more readily. Although qualitatively this enhancement in dissolution can be predicted by classical thermodynamics, quantitatively it does not describe the dissolution behavior very well.
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