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Long-term wage inequality in imperial China: From 202 BCE to 1912 CE.
PLoS One
January 2025
Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
This paper attempts to describe and explain the long-term evolution of wage inequality in imperial China, covering over two millennia from the Han dynasty to the Qing dynasty (202 BCE-1912 CE). Based on historical government records of official salaries, commodity prices, and agricultural productivity, we convert various forms of salaries to equivalent rice volumes and comparable salary benchmarks. Wage inequality is measured by salary ratios and (partial) Gini coefficients between official and peasant classes as well as within the official class.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExplainable Self-Supervised Dynamic Neuroimaging Using Time Reversal.
Brain Sci
January 2025
Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
Objective: Functional magnetic resonance imaging data pose significant challenges due to their inherently noisy and complex nature, making traditional statistical models less effective in capturing predictive features. While deep learning models offer superior performance through their non-linear capabilities, they often lack transparency, reducing trust in their predictions. This study introduces the Time Reversal (TR) pretraining method to address these challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysical activity, cathepsin B, and cognitive health.
Trends Mol Med
January 2025
Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China. Electronic address:
Regular physical activity (PA) is beneficial for cognitive health, and cathepsin B (CTSB) - a protease released by skeletal muscle during PA - acts as a potential molecular mediator of this association. PA-induced metabolic and mechanical stress appears to increase plasma/serum CTSB levels. CTSB facilitates neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in brain regions (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethylaluminoxane Reactivities and Anionic Structures: From Small Oligomers to Large Sheets.
Chemistry
January 2025
University of Eastern Finland, Department of Chermistry, Yliopistokatu 7, 80100, Joensuu, FINLAND.
The structure and reactivity of small methylaluminoxane (MAO) species (MeAlO)n(Me3Al)m (n = 1-8) have been investigated using DFT (M06-2X), MP2, and CCSD(T) calculations. This hierarchy of methods reveals that DFT artificially stabilizes structures containing 4-coordinate oxygen atoms while higher-level calculations demonstrate a clear preference for structures with 3-coordinate oxygen and 4-coordinate aluminum centers. Analysis of ionization pathways shows these neutral MAO molecules form anions through either methide or Me2Al+ abstraction, with the latter mechanism dominant for sheet structures (n = 5-8).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEditorial: Studying child development in a changing world.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry
February 2025
Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
In this editorial, I reflect on the implications of social, technological and cultural change for children and young people. Whilst we have a reasonably good understanding of trends in certain aspects of child development (e.g.
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