The main research described in this paper includes three sections. First, research on the response of the stainless steel ball-shaped ionisation chamber by experimental methods. Secondly, calculation of the response of the chamber with the general Monte Carlo EGS4 code in order to compare with the equivalent electron source theory by calculation methods. Finally, calculation of the response of the ionisation chamber with the equivalent electron source theory. The results show that the calculated results of the equivalent electron source theory coincide very well with those of the experiments when the atomic number of the chamber wall is close to one of the gases (such as Ar and Kr), and the calculated results coincide with those of the experiments to a certain extent when the atomic number of the chamber wall is not close to one of the gases (such as He and Xe).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr111 | DOI Listing |
Nanoscale
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583.
The widespread proliferation and increasing use of portable electronic devices and wearables, and the recent developments in artificial intelligence and internet-of-things, have fuelled the need for high-density and low-voltage non-volatile memory devices. Nanocrystal memory, an emergent non-volatile memory (NVM) device that makes use of the Coulomb blockade effect, can potentially result in the scaling of the tunnel dielectric layer to a very small thickness. Since the nanocrystals are electrically isolated, potential charge leakage paths localized defects in the thin tunnel dielectric can be substantially reduced, unlike that in a continuous polysilicon floating gate structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife Sci Space Res (Amst)
February 2025
National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:
The paper presents the variations of space radiation (primary and secondary galactic cosmic rays (GCR) absorbed dose rate in silicon and flux) measured during the first-ever commercial suborbital flight of the Virgin Galactic (VG) SpaceShipTwo Unity on 29 June 2023. A Portable Dosimeter-Spectrometer Liulin-CNR-VG is used. It is developed in the Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SRTI-BAS) under a scientific contract with National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Italy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWaste Manag
January 2025
Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Engineering Research Centre of Municipal Sludge Disposal, Jinan 250014, China. Electronic address:
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) is considered a hazardous solid waste, traditionally disposed by solidified landfill methods. However, solidified landfills present challenges with leaching heavy metals, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). To address this issue, this study examined two pretreatment methods for MSWIFA: sintering at 850℃ for 30 min and washing with three water baths (20 min each) at a 3:1 liquid-solid ratio.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mater Sci Mater Med
January 2025
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Implants aim to restore skeletal dysfunction associated with ageing and trauma, yet infection and ineffective immune responses can lead to failure. This project characterized the microbiological and host cell responses to titanium alloy with or without electroplated metallic copper. Bacterial viability counting and scanning electron microscopy quantified and visualized the direct and indirect bactericidal effects of the Cu-electroplated titanium (Cu-Ep-Ti) against two different Staphylococcus aureus strains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
January 2025
National Synchrotron Light source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States.
Directed assembly of abiotic catalysts onto biological redox protein frameworks is of interest as an approach for the synthesis of biohybrid catalysts that combine features of both synthetic and biological materials. In this report, we provide a multiscale characterization of the platinum nanoparticle (NP) hydrogen-evolving catalysts that are assembled by light-driven reductive precipitation of platinum from an aqueous salt solution onto the photosystem I protein (PSI), isolated from cyanobacteria as trimeric PSI. The resulting PSI-NP assemblies were analyzed using a combination of X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and high-energy X-ray scattering with atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analyses.
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