The glycemic control and temporal characteristics of diabetes as risk factors for the occurence of diabetic renal disease.

Diabetes is one of the most spread pandemy, which affects nowadays the world, its incidence increasing globally. The chronic complications of diabetes are extremely important, out of which the diabetic kidney disease (DKD) being by far the most expensive and severe. On the basis of statistic studies, we tried to identify the risk factors within some epidemiological studies. The research started in two directions: the hypothesis of environmental factors and associated diseases and the hypothesis of genetic factors. In this article we are trying to assess the role of glycaemic control, age, total duration and post-pubertal duration of diabetes as risk factors for diabetic nephropathy. The glycaemic control proved to be an essential risk factor in developing microvascular complications and DKD, the "normal" glycaemia being the only limit below which there are no microvascular complications. We do not know for sure exactly the role played by the total duration of diabetes and age in developing the diabetic nephropathy as well as other microvascular complications. The age of onset and the post-pubertal duration seem to be better associated to the development of nephropathy, but the causality has not been demonstrated yet. These are a part of the 21 risk factors quoted in the speciality literature as influencing the occurrence of DKD.