After traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), there is an opportunity for preserving function by attenuating secondary cell loss. Astrocytes play crucial roles in the adult CNS and are responsible for the vast majority of glutamate buffering, potentially preventing excitotoxic loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes. We examined spatial and temporal changes in gene expression of the major astrocyte glutamate transporter GLT1 following moderate thoracic contusion SCI using transgenic BAC-GLT1-eGFP promoter reporter mice. In dorsal column white matter, total intensity of GLT1-eGFP expression per region was significantly reduced following SCI at both lesion epicenter and at rostral and caudal areas where no tissue loss occurred. This regional decrease in GLT1 expression was due to significant loss of GLT1-eGFP(+) cells, partially accounted for by apoptosis of eGFP(+) /GFAP(+) astrocytes in both white and gray matter. There were also decreased numbers of GLT1-eGFP-expressing cells in multiple gray matter regions following injury; nevertheless, there was sustained or even increased regional GLT1-eGFP expression in gray matter as a result of up-regulation in astrocytes that continued to express GLT1-eGFP. Although there were increased numbers of GFAP(+) cells both at the lesion site and in surrounding intact spinal cord following SCI, the majority of proliferating Ki67(+) /GFAP(+) astrocytes did not express GLT1-eGFP. These findings demonstrate that spatial and temporal alterations in GLT1 expression observed after SCI result from both astrocyte death and gene expression changes in surviving astrocytes. Results also suggest that following SCI a significant portion of astrocytes lacks GLT1 expression, possibly compromising the important role of astrocytes in glutamate homeostasis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.22624 | DOI Listing |
Small Methods
January 2025
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Frontier Biotechnologies, The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Light offers superior control in terms of high temporal precision, high spatial precision, and non-invasiveness for the regulation of cellular functions. In recent years, chemical biologists have adopted chemo-optogenetic dimerization approaches, such as photo-triggered chemical inducers of dimerization (pCIDs), as a general tool for spatiotemporal regulation of cellular functions. Traditional chemo-optogenetic dimerization triggers either a single ON or a single OFF of cellular activity.
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January 2025
Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
Object recognition is fundamental to how we interact with and interpret the world around us. The human amygdala and hippocampus play a key role in object recognition, contributing to both the encoding and retrieval of visual information. Here, we recorded single-neuron activity from the human amygdala and hippocampus when neurosurgical epilepsy patients performed a one-back task using naturalistic object stimuli.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Topological phases have prevailed across diverse disciplines, spanning electronics, photonics, and acoustics. Hitherto, the understanding of these phases has centred on energy (frequency) bandstructures, showcasing topological boundary states at spatial interfaces. Recent strides have uncovered a unique category of bandstructures characterised by gaps in momentum, referred to as momentum bandgaps or k gaps, notably driven by breakthroughs in photonic time crystals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Parasitol
January 2025
Department of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. Electronic address:
Schistosomiasis, caused by the infection with Schistosoma japonicum, remains a significant public health concern in China. As the sole intermediate host of S. japonicum, the breeding and spread of Oncomelania hupensis contribute significantly to the potential risk of disease occurrence and transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Methods Programs Biomed
January 2025
College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, PR China; Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093, PR China. Electronic address:
Background And Objective: The hybrid brain computer interfaces (BCI) combining electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have attracted extensive attention for overcoming the decoding limitations of the single-modality BCI. With the deepening application of deep learning approaches in BCI systems, its significant performance improvement has become apparent. However, the scarcity of brain signal data limits the performance of deep learning models.
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