Introduction: Ultrasonography of the ulnar nerve has been recommended as a useful additional test in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE).
Methods: We searched the literature and systemically reviewed all clinical trials in UNE. We also looked for articles about the normal sonoanatomy and specific causes of UNE.
Results: Seven of 14 clinical trials in UNE were suitable for further analysis. Ultrasonographic ulnar nerve size measurement appears to be a test with good diagnostic accuracy. The most frequently reported abnormality was an increased cross-sectional area of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. However, several studies had methodological flaws. In addition, the ultrasonographic techniques and study designs differed among the studies. There were a few other uncontrolled studies about the underlying causes of UNE.
Discussion: The role of ultrasonography in UNE seems promising but could not be firmly established. More prospective studies are needed, and we make several recommendations for further research.
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