Human interferon alpha 1 (HuIFN alpha 1) is known to protect bovine as well as human cells against viral infection. Hence, we investigated the specificity and tissue distribution of receptors for HuIFN alpha 1 on various cells. [35S]HuIFN alpha 1 bound specifically to homogenates of bovine tissues and particularly to bovine liver, but there was also specific binding to spleen, kidney, brain, adrenal gland, lung, thymus, skeletal muscle, heart, mammary gland and testis. There was no difference in the degree of binding of HuIFN alpha to foetal or adult liver. Competitive binding experiments showed that bovine interferon alpha C (BoIFN alpha C) competed with HuIFN alpha 1 for binding to a bovine liver plasma membrane preparation, indicating that these two IFNs bind to the same receptor. An 35S-labelled IFN alpha 1-receptor complex was isolated from bovine liver extracts by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and shown to have a molecular weight of 153 kDa. Isolation of the bovine IFN alpha receptor would be a feasible approach to the characterization of the HuIFN alpha receptor.
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