X-chromosome inactivation which takes place in early embryogenesis of all higher mammals is largely determined by the Xist gene activity. This gene encodes long untranslated RNA, which provides transcriptional silencing of the genes on chromosome. In the present study, three enhancer and three silencing transcriptional elements were identified in the Xist promoter region. In these regions, location of putative transcription factors was demonstrated, including the ER site, which was discovered in two positions. The effect of estradiol and retinoic acid on the promoter activity was investigated. The estradiol-induced increase of the promoter activity was demonstrated. A model of the estrogen effect on X chromosome inactivation was suggested.
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