AI Article Synopsis
- The study focused on the stability and functionality of the HIV cell-penetrating TAT peptide (TATp) when attached to micelles and liposomes, particularly after exposure to proteolytic enzymes.
- TATp showed dose-dependent cleavage when treated with enzymes like trypsin, but modifying the carriers with longer PEG blocks increased TATp's resistance to this cleavage.
- The findings suggested that effective shielding of TATp is crucial for maintaining its therapeutic effectiveness in a biological context, as enzyme treatment reduced cell uptake and cytotoxicity of TATp-modified liposomes.
Article Abstract
The stability and activity of the HIV cell-penetrating TAT peptide (TATp) on the surface of TATp-modified micelles and liposomes in relation to its proteolytic cleavage was investigated. TATp moieties were attached to the surface of these nanocarriers using TATp modified with a conjugate of phosphatidyl ethanolamine with a 'short' PEG (PEG-PE). Following pre-incubation with trypsin, elastase, or collagenase, the proteolytic stability of TATp on the surface of these modified carriers was studied by HPLC with fluorescence detection using fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) labeling. All tested enzymes produced a dose-dependent cleavage of TATp as shown by the presence of TATp Arg-Arg fragments. Inhibition of TATp cleavage occurred when these TATp-micelles were modified by the addition of longer PEG-PE blocks, indicating an effective shielding of TATp from proteolysis by these blocks. TATp-modified carriers were also tested for their ability to accumulate in EL-4, HeLa, and B16-F10 cells. Trypsin treatment of TATp-modified liposomes and micelles resulted in decreased uptake and cell interaction, as measured by fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting techniques. Furthermore, a decrease in the cytotoxicity of TATp-modified liposomes loaded with doxorubicin (Doxil) was observed following trypsin treatment. In conclusion, steric shielding of TATp is essential to ensure its in vivo therapeutic function.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3482480 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2011.567310 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Bivalves under extreme weather events: A comparative study of five economically important species in the South China sea during marine heatwaves.
Mar Environ Res
November 2024
Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Pearl Oyster Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Marine Invertebrates, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are becoming more frequent and intense, posing significant threats to marine life, especially bivalves in the South China Sea.
- A study compared the survival and physiological reactions of five bivalve species to two MHW events, revealing that some species, like Pinctada fucata and Crassostrea angulata, exhibited greater stress tolerance than others like Perna viridis and Paphia undulata, which faced high mortality rates.
- The research indicated that while some bivalve species may struggle to adapt to increasing MHWs, others might survive, raising concerns about the overall impact on bivalve aquaculture and marine ecosystems in the region.
Dual COF functionalized magnetic MXene composite for enhancing magnetic solid phase extraction of thiophene compounds from oilfield produced waters prior to GC-MS/MS analysis.
J Hazard Mater
November 2024
College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China. Electronic address:
In this study, a novel COF@COF modified magnetic MXene composite (CoFeO @TiC @COF@COF) was synthesized by Schiff base reaction and irre-versible enol-keto tautomerization, and employed to establish a sensitive monitoring method for six thiophene compounds in oilfield produced water samples based on magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) prior to gas chromatography coupled with a triple quadruple mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). The designed magnetic materials exhibited unexpected enrichment ability to target thiophene compounds and achieved good extraction efficiencies ranging from 83 % to 98 %. The developed MSPE/GC-MS/MS method exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDual Ambient Sampling Hollow Cathode Discharge Ionization-Mass Spectrometry System: An Approach for Detecting Explosives and Drugs of Abuse at Trace to Ultratrace Levels.
J Am Soc Mass Spectrom
September 2024
Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, Shanghai China.
Detection of illicit compounds like explosives and drugs of abuse at trace levels is crucial to provide public security and health safety. A dual ambient sampling system hollow cathode discharge (HCD) ion source was developed to investigate its performance. Here, trinitrotoluene (TNT), trinitrobenzene (TNB), hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), and triacetone triperoxide (TATP) as explosives and methamphetamine (MA) as drugs of abuse were taken as model compounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeveloping a novel ultraselective and ultrasensitive label-free direct spectrofluorimetric nanobiosensor for direct highly fast field detection of explosive triacetone triperoxide.
Anal Chim Acta
September 2024
Hormozi Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 9861334367, Zabol, Iran. Electronic address:
Background: Direct detection of the notorious explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is very difficult because it lacks facile ionization and UV absorbance or fluorescence. Besides, the current indirect methods are time-consuming and need a pre-step for TATP cleavage to hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, they commonly show significant false-positive results in the presence of some camouflage which limits their field applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe relationship between microbial population ATP and quantitative PCR bioburdens in diesel fuel microcosms.
Access Microbiol
July 2024
LuminUltra Technologies Ltd, 819 Royal Road, Building B, Fredericton, NB E3G 6M1, Canada.
Historically, fuel microbiology studies have relied on culture data. Potentially relevant but unculturable bacteria were not detected. Although ATP can quantify total microbial bioburdens in fuels, it cannot differentiate among the taxa present.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!