Objectives: Ketamine hydrochloride (KT) is a secondary amine that has been safely used as an injectable anesthetic and analgesic to avoid the production of nitroso compounds in the stomach. However, ketamine in the tablet form has recently become an abused, recreational drug. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of N-nitrosoketamine (NKT) and KT on the basis of an in vitro micronucleus (MN) test using a Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line (CHL/IU).
Methods: NKT was synthesized from KT in our laboratory. In the MN tests, CHL/IU cells were continuously treated with either NKT or KT for 24, 48, or 72 hours without the S9 mix. The cells were also treated with NKT or KT with or without the S9 mix for 6 hours, followed by a recovery period of 18, 42, or 66 hours (short-term treatment). The results were considered to be statistically significant when the p-values of both Fisher's exact test and the trend test were less than 0.05.
Results: After the short-term treatment with either NKT or KT with and without the S9 mix, the frequency of micronuclei significantly increased. However, the frequency of micronuclei did not significantly increase after the continuous treatment with either NKT or KT. Both NKT and KT were determined to be genotoxic in the short-term treatment with or without the S9 mix, but they were determined to be nongenotoxic in continuous treatment.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that NKT has a stronger genotoxic effect than KT.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2723223 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.11.120 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Prognostic value of CHA2DS2-VASc score for in-hospital outcomes in patients with Takotsubo syndrome.
Cardiovasc Revasc Med
December 2024
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Providence, RI, USA.
Background: There is uncertainty about the use of the CHA2DS2-VASc score to predict clinical events in patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). This study aimed to assess the short-term prognostic role of CHA2DS2-VASc score in this population.
Methods: All admissions with a primary diagnosis of TTS were included using data from the National Inpatient Sample database during 2016-2019.
Effect of BSSRO on disc-condyle relationship of the temporomandibular joint in skeletal Class III malocclusion patients.
J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg
January 2025
Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address:
Purpose: To analyze dynamic and static changes in the disc-condyle relationship in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion after orthognathic surgery.
Methods: The surgical group comprised 30 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion, and the magnetic resonance imaging and mandibular movement data were obtained at T0 (preoperatively), T1 (3 months postoperatively), and T2 (at the end of orthodontic treatment). The control group included 20 patients with normal occlusion, and the mandibular movement data were recorded.
Prediction of real-time cine-MR images during MRI-guided radiotherapy of liver cancer using a GAN-ConvLSTM network.
Med Phys
January 2025
National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Background: Respiratory motion during radiotherapy (RT) may reduce the therapeutic effect and increase the dose received by organs at risk. This can be addressed by real-time tracking, where respiration motion prediction is currently required to compensate for system latency in RT systems. Notably, for the prediction of future images in image-guided adaptive RT systems, the use of deep learning has been considered.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRole of COL5A1 in lung squamous cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Implications and therapeutic potential.
Int Immunopharmacol
January 2025
Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. Electronic address:
Background: Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a significant health concern, characterized by a lack of specific therapies and limited treatment options for patients in advanced stages. This study aims to identify key molecules of prognostic importance in LUSC and provide an experimental foundation for their potential therapeutic applications.
Methods: Immune-related transcriptome expression analysis was performed on LUSC samples using the NanoString digital gene analysis system to develop a prognostic transcriptomic signature.
Construction of PVA/OHA-Gs@PTMC/PHA double-layer nanofiber flexible scaffold with antibacterial function for tension free rectal in-situ reconstruction.
Biomaterials
December 2024
Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325011, China. Electronic address:
The effective prevention and treatment of anastomotic leakage after intestinal anastomosis for colorectal diseases is still a major clinical challenge. In order to assist intestinal anastomosis healing and avoid anastomotic leakage caused by high tension, low blood supply or infection, we designed a double-layer nanofiber intestinal anastomosis scaffold, which was composed of electrospun PTMC/PHA nanofibers as the main layer, and electrospun PVA/OHA-Gs nanofibers with antibacterial properties as the antibacterial surface layer. This double-layer scaffold has good toughness, its maximum tensile force value could reach 8 N, elongation could reach 400 %, and it has hydrophilic properties, and its contact angle was about 60°.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!