Recent improvements in the speed, cost and accuracy of next generation sequencing are revolutionizing the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs are increasingly being used as an addition to the molecular ecology toolkit in nonmodel organisms, but their efficient use remains challenging. Here, we discuss common issues when employing SNP markers, including the high numbers of markers typically employed, the effects of ascertainment bias and the inclusion of nonneutral loci in a marker panel. We provide a critique of considerations specifically associated with the application and population genetic analysis of SNPs in nonmodel taxa, focusing specifically on some of the most commonly applied methods.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02943.x | DOI Listing |
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
January 2025
ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile.
Most circadian texts begin by stating that clocks are pervasive throughout the tree of life. Indeed, clock mechanisms have been described from cyanobacteria to humans, representing a notable example of convergent evolution: yet, there are several phyla in animals, protists or within fungi and bacteria, in which homologs of some-or all-known clock components seem to be absent, posing inevitable questions about the evolution of circadian systems. Moreover, as we move away from model organisms, there are several taxa in which core clock elements can be identified at the genomic levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Reprod Dev
January 2025
The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Echinoderms exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies as adaptations to variable environments. The processes of gonadal development, germ cell differentiation, and spermatogenesis in echinoderms are crucial physiological processes that warrant further in-depth exploration. This review systematically summarizes research from early basic sciences to recent studies on male gonadal development and spermatogenesis, encompassing morphology, histology, physiology, cell biology, developmental biology, and evolutionary biology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
The parthenogenetic life cycle of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata offers unique advantages for the generation of genome-edited strains, as an isogenic and stable mutant line can in principle be achieved already in the first generation (G0). However, genetic tools for the manipulation of their genes had not been developed until now. Here, we successfully implement CRISPR/Cas9 as a technique to modify the genome of the stick insect M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
How tick-borne pathogens interact with their hosts has been primarily studied in vertebrates where disease is observed. Comparatively less is known about pathogen interactions within the tick. Here, we report that ticks infected with either (causative agent of anaplasmosis) or (causative agent of Lyme disease) show activation of the ATF6 branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
In holometabolous insects, critical weight (CW) attainment triggers pupation and metamorphosis, but its mechanism remains unclear in non-model organisms like mosquitoes. Here, we investigate the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in CW assessment and pupation timing in Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti, vectors of arboviruses including dengue and Zika.
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