Managing multiple goals in supportive interactions: using a normative theoretical approach to explain social support as uncertainty management for organ transplant patients.

In this study, we used a normative theoretical perspective to examine the relationship between uncertainty management and support in the lives of organ transplant patients. We conducted in-depth interviews with 8 pretransplant and 30 posttransplant patients, including individuals who were waiting for or had received a kidney, liver, heart, or pancreas. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach, which involved two levels of thematic analysis. Participants reported that others provide assistance in various ways, and that this social support entailed a number of challenges. Participants also described several strategies for handling these support dilemmas. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of support is related to how well multiple goals (including uncertainty-related goals) are managed in the supportive interaction.