The specialized ligaments of the craniocervical junction must allow for stability yet functional movement. Because injury to these important structures usually results in death or morbidity, the neurosurgeon should possess a thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of these ligaments. To the authors' knowledge, a comprehensive review of these structures is not available in the medical literature. The aim of the current study was to distill the available literature on each of these structures into one offering.
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Objective: The authors report on a broad range of microsurgical procedures in which the suboccipital median technique was used to treat craniocervical junction arteriovenous fistulas. Their aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the suboccipital posteromedian approach and to assess the associated clinical outcomes.
Methods: The authors extracted information on the fistula site, clinical manifestation, and structural characteristics of arterial and venous vessels by retrospectively evaluating cases from a neurointerventional database spanning 10 years.
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Pediatr Neurosurg
September 2024
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Background: Traumatic injuries to the cervical spine or spinal cord are uncommon pathologies in the pediatric population. As injury severity is disproportionately higher among children due to significant risk for debilitating long-term disability, traumatic spinal fractures in children raise greater clinical concern than comparable injuries in adults.
Summary: Unlike adults, children possess unique features such as incomplete ossification of vertebrae, synchondroses, pseudo-subluxation, horizontal alignment of ligaments, and absence of lordosis, which results in greater mobility and flexibility in the pediatric spine.
Database Review of 514 Patients with Os Odontoideum. Detailed Analysis of 258 Surgically Treated (1978-2019).
Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg
September 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa, USA.
Objective: Database review (1978-2019) is to identify the cause of os odontoideum, its presentation, associated abnormalities, and management recommendations.
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Cervico-occipital junction infectious osteoarthritis complicated with atlantoaxial dislocation, cervical abscesses and epiduritis: A case report and review of the literature.
Radiol Case Rep
October 2024
Neuroradiology department, Hospital of specialties, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco.
Craniocervical junction infections are considered a rare condition and can be associated with degradation of the odontoid ligaments and, the risk of a subsequent atlantoaxial subluxation or dislocation. Osteomyelitis at this level is often seen in immunocompromised patients with, intravenous drug use or infective endocarditis. Atlantoaxial subluxation associated with pharyngeal infection or its surrounding tissues is called Grisel's syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCo-occurrence of tethered cord syndrome and cervical spine instability in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Front Neurol
July 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
The Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) represent a group of hereditary connective tissue disorders, with the hypermobile subtype (hEDS) being the most prevalent. hEDS manifests with a diverse array of clinical symptoms and associated comorbidities spanning the musculoskeletal, neurological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and immunological systems. hEDS patients may experience spinal neurological complications, including cervico-medullary symptoms arising from cranio-cervical and/or cervical instability/hypermobility, as well as tethered cord syndrome (TCS).
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