Is there a prostate-specific antigen upper limit for radical prostatectomy?

Objective: • To assess the feasibility of radical prostatectomy (RP) in a series of patients with prostate cancer with very high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels by comparing the clinical outcomes of different PSA thresholds (20.1-50 ng/mL, 50.1-100 ng/mL and >100 ng/mL, respectively).

Patients And Methods: • Within a multicentre European retrospective database of 712 RP in patients with a baseline PSA level >20 ng/mL, we identified 48 patients with prostate cancer with a preoperative PSA level >100 ng/mL, 137 with a PSA level between 50.1 and 100 ng/mL and 527 with PSA values between 20.1 and 50 ng/mL. • Comparisons between groups were performed using chi-square test, analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test.

Results: • Ten-year projected cancer-specific survival (79.8% in the PSA >100 ng/mL group vs 85.4% in the PSA 50.1-99 ng/mL group vs 90.9% in the PSA 20.1-50 ng/mL interval; P = 0.037) but not overall survival (59.6% in the PSA >100 ng/mL group vs 71.8% in the PSA 50.1-99 ng/mL group vs 75.3% in the PSA 20.1-50 ng/mL interval; P = 0.087) appeared significantly affected by the different PSA thresholds. • At a median follow-up of 78.7 months, 25.8%, 6.6% and 8.3% of patients in the PSA level groups for 20.1-50 ng/mL, 50.1-100 ng/mL and >100 ng/mL respectively, were cured by surgery alone.

Conclusions: • Ten-year cancer-specific survival, while showing significant reduction with increasing PSA values intervals, remain relatively high even for PSA levels >100 ng/mL. • As part of a multimodal treatment strategy, RP may therefore be an option, even in selected patients with prostate cancer whose PSA level is >100 ng/mL.