Effect of two different FDA-approved D-dimer assays on resource utilization in the emergency department.

Background: The D-dimer assay has been shown to be an appropriate test to rule out pulmonary embolism (PE) in low-risk patients in the emergency department (ED). Multiple assays now are approved to measure D-dimer levels. Studies have shown a newer assay, Tina-quant, to have similar diagnostic accuracy to the VIDAS assay.

Objectives: The objective was to determine effects of transitioning from the VIDAS assay to the Tina-quant D-dimer assay on the need for computed tomography angiogram (CTA) and ED length of stay (LOS) in patients being evaluated for PE in the ED.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients who had D-dimer levels ordered at an urban, academic, Level I trauma center with over 55,000 annual ED visits. The results of D-dimer levels in the ED were recorded over a period of 6 months prior to and 6 months after the transition to the new D-dimer assay. The numbers of positive and negative D-dimers and need for subsequent CTAs were recorded for comparison. LOS was also recorded to determine time saved. Medians were calculated and compared using Wilcoxon rank sum.

Results: During the initial period, 875 D-dimers were ordered, with a positive rate of 41.5%. During the period after the introduction of the Tina-quant assay, 859 tests were ordered, with 25.5% having positive results. An absolute decrease of 16% in the number of necessary CTAs (p < 0.003) was seen after the transition to the Tina-quant assay. LOS data showed a mean LOS of 481 minutes in the ED for patients who underwent testing with the Tina-quant assay compared to 526 minutes with the VIDAS assay, saving an average of 45 minutes per patient (p < 0.003). The positive rate on performed imaging studies for D-dimer of > 500 rose from 13 of 308 (4.2%) to 17 of 187 (9.1%).

Conclusions: Switching D-dimer assays reduced both LOS and number of imaging studies in our patient population.