Mechanisms of inferential order judgments in humans (Homo sapiens) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

J Comp Psychol

Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Box 90999, Durham, NC 27708-0999, USA.

Published: May 2011

If A > B, and B > C, it follows logically that A > C. The process of reaching that conclusion is called transitive inference (TI). Several mechanisms have been offered to explain transitive performance. Scanning models claim that the list is scanned from the ends of the list inward until a match is found. Positional discrimination models claim that positional uncertainty accounts for accuracy and reaction time patterns. In Experiment 1, we trained rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and humans (Homo sapiens) on adjacent pairs (e.g., AB, BC, CD, DE, EF) and tested them with previously untrained nonadjacent pairs (e.g., BD). In Experiment 2, we trained a second list and tested with nonadjacent pairs selected between lists (e.g., B from List 1, D from List 2). We then introduced associative competition between adjacent items in Experiment 3 by training 2 items per position (e.g., B₁C₁, B₂C₂) before testing with untrained nonadjacent items. In all 3 experiments, humans and monkeys showed distance effects in which accuracy increased, and reaction time decreased, as the distance between items in each pair increased (e.g., BD vs. BE). In Experiment 4, we trained adjacent pairs with separate 9- and 5-item lists. We then tested with nonadjacent pairs selected between lists to determine whether list items were chosen according to their absolute position (e.g., D, 5-item list > E, 9-item list), or their relative position (e.g., D, 5-item list < E, 9-item list). Both monkeys' and humans' choices were most consistent with a relative positional organization.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3398861PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021572DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

experiment trained
12
nonadjacent pairs
12
list
10
humans homo
8
homo sapiens
8
rhesus monkeys
8
monkeys macaca
8
macaca mulatta
8
models claim
8
reaction time
8

Similar Publications

CircRNA CDR1AS promotes cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by triggering cardiomyocyte autosis.

J Mol Med (Berl)

January 2025

Cardiovascular Surgery Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a common adverse event in the clinical treatment of myocardial ischemic disease. Autosis is a form of cell death that occurs when autophagy is excessive in cells, and it has been associated with cardiac IR damage. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of circRNA CDR1AS on autosis in cardiomyocytes under IR.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Chrysoeriol: a natural RANKL inhibitor targeting osteoclastogenesis and ROS regulation for osteoporosis therapy.

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol

January 2025

The Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China.

Chrysoeriol (CHE) is a naturally occurring compound with established anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. This study examines its potential role in regulating osteoclast differentiation and activity, both of which are crucial for bone remodeling. Computational docking revealed high binding affinity between CHE and RANKL, specifically at the Lys-181 residue of RANKL, suggesting potential inhibitory interactions on osteoclastogenesis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

To develop an atrophic Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) animal model via liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, the eyelid edges of C57 mice exposure to liquid nitrogen for 30 s. Morphology of MG and ocular surface were assessed using stereomicroscopy and a slit lamp microscope at multiple time points post-injury. Acinar loss and atrophy were observed from day 7, with increased inflammation and apoptosis, and decreased proliferation in acinar cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly aggressive form of cancer, is known for its high mortality rate. A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease Domain-like Protein Decysin-1 (ADAMDEC1) can promote the development and metastasis in various tumors by degrading the extracellular matrix. However, its regulatory mechanism in CCA remains unclear.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A preliminary exploration of establishing a mice model of hypoxic training.

Sci Rep

January 2025

Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.

Altitude training has been widely adopted. This study aimed to establish a mice model to determine the time point for achieving the best endurance at the lowland. C57BL/6 and BALB/c male mice were used to establish a mice model of hypoxic training with normoxic training mice, hypoxic mice, and normoxic mice as controls.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!