Ultrasonography is a non-invasive,well-controlled, quickly and easily available diagnostic procedure for the patient, is repeatable and not using ionizing radiation. For all these features plays an important role in the clinical management of patients undergoing dialysis. A census of the National Renal Ultrasound Study Group from Italian Society of Nephrology revealed that the 73.04% of Italian Departments of Nephrology and Dialysis are equipped with the ultrasound scanning and this one is commonly used in normal working routine. The main fields of application of this methodology in dialysis patient are: vascular pathology (damages due to systemic atherosclerosis, study and monitoring of arteriovenous fistula), muscle-tendon pathology (caused by hyperparathyroidism and amyloidosis), hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid assessment) and neoplastic disease.
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