Sialolithiasis occurs due to the calculous concretion in salivary ducts or glands, but it is rare in childhood. In this paper, a case of sialolithiasis with a submandibular duct calculus observed in a 2-year-old girl is reported. This case is one of the youngest, based on a review of the literature regarding sialolithiasis found in Japan. The retrospective survey was made in 30 cases of sialolithiasis in children under 10 years of age which were reported in the Japanese literature with clear descriptions of age, sex and location. The summaries are as follows: 1) Sex difference: The difference between males and females was in the ratio 16/14. There was no significant difference according to sex. 2) Location of the salivary calcul: In 27 cases they were found in the duct of the submandibular glands, and 3 cases in the parotid glands, and no cases in the sublingual glands. 3) Term before treatment: Most cases were treated within a month after the patients has noticed the symptom. 4) Removal method of salivary calculi: Salivary calculi were removed by means of intraoral incision in most cases. 5) Number of the removed calculi: In each of all cases, one calculus was removed. 6) Size of the removal calculi: The diameter of the calculi was less than 5.0 millimeters long in most cases.
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