Background: Identification of the causes of death among low birth weight babies may facilitate interventions required to improve their survival.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological factors associated with the survival of very low- and extremely low birth weight babies.
Methods: Consecutive low birth weight babies aged <168 h in a Nigerian tertiary hospital were studied between January and December 2008 using bivariate and multivariate methods.
Results: Out of 160 babies weighing <2.5 kg admitted, 78 (48.8%) weighed 0.65-1.49 kg. Survival rates were 6.7% for <1 kg, 57.4% for 1-1.49 kg and 84.9% for 1.5-2.49 kg. Overall, survival rate was 84.9% for babies weighing ≥ 1.5 kg (84.9%) compared to 46.4% among babies weighing <1.5 kg (P < 0.0001). Survival among babies who weighed <1.5 kg was associated with EGA ≥ 32 weeks and caesarean delivery while death was associated with the occurrence of asphyxia, apnea and respiratory distress. EGA ≥ 32 weeks (OR = 1.7), absence of respiratory distress (OR = 2.1) and absence of apnea (OR = 5.3) were independent determinants of survival.
Conclusion: Survival rate of babies weighing <1.5 kg remains high in this population. The poor state of diagnostic and therapeutic facilities in the centre may be contributory.
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